Laser rust removal technology is a common application of laser cleaning. As the laser passes over the rusty metal shell, the rust quickly falls off, and the metal material becomes smooth and new. How is this done?
To know how laser rust removal is achieved, we first need to know how metal rusts. Take the rust of common iron products as an example. The chemical properties of iron are relatively active. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron to form iron oxide, and this reaction is faster in an environment with higher humidity. The formed iron oxide has a sponge-like loose porous structure, which is more likely to absorb moisture in the air and accelerate the rust process.
Rust on metal is more than just unsightly. Rust will destroy its original structure, resulting in the loss of original properties, such as hardness, pressure resistance, etc., seriously affecting the performance and life of the metal. For example, the rust produced by ships going to sea affects the speed of the ship and causes damage to the hull. If it is not cleaned in time, it may even be dangerous.
Traditional rust removal methods include mechanical rust removal, chemical rust removal, etc. Mechanical rust removal is simple, rough, time-consuming and labor-intensive. Although chemical rust removal is relatively simple, the waste liquid discharge generated has become a new problem. Although these methods can remove rust, they are more or less complicated to operate, time consuming, have harsh working environments, and easily cause secondary pollution.
Based on this, laser rust removal technology came into being. Since the rust layer on the metal surface has a loose structure, the energy emitted by the laser is quickly absorbed by it, forming a sharply expanding plasma and generating shock waves that turn the rust into smaller pieces and fall off. We just mentioned that metal rust and metal matrix have different compositions and therefore different structures. Therefore, we only need to control the threshold of the laser power to a level that can melt the rust without causing damage to the material, and then we can achieve the purpose of rust removal.
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