With the development of industrial manufacturing, efficient, flexible, and environmentally friendly processing technologies will be favored. The laser welding head adopts a high-energy beam focusing mode, which can achieve forms that are difficult to achieve in the welding process such as deep penetration welding and rapid welding of the head. Especially with the flexible matching of laser welding head equipment and mature real-time online detection technology, it can achieve high automation in batch production. At present, a large number of laser welding head production lines have been put into industrial production.
Laser welding head is the process of utilizing the radiation energy of the laser head to achieve effective welding. Its working principle is to excite the active medium of the laser head in a specific way (such as a mixture of CO2 and other gases, YAG yttrium aluminum garnet crystals, etc.), causing it to oscillate back and forth in the resonant cavity, thereby forming an excited radiation beam. When the beam contacts the workpiece, its energy is absorbed by the workpiece, and welding can be carried out when the temperature reaches the melting point of the material.
1.Laser welding head welding mode
Laser welding head can be divided into thermal conductivity welding joints and deep penetration welding joints. The heat of the former diffuses to the interior of the workpiece through heat transfer, and only produces melting phenomenon on the welding surface. The interior of the workpiece is not fully penetrated, and there is basically no vaporization phenomenon. Mainly used for welding low-speed thin-walled materials. The latter not only completely melts the material, but also evaporates the material to form a large amount of plasma. Due to a large amount of heat, keyholes will appear at the front of the molten pool.
2.Laser welding head shape, structure, and performance
Due to the small focused spot area generated by the laser welding head, the heat affected zone around the weld seam is much smaller than that of ordinary welding head technology. Usually, laser welded joints do not require metal filling. The surface of the weld seam is continuous and uniform, with a beautiful appearance and no surface defects such as pores and cracks. Very suitable for occasions with strict requirements for weld appearance. Although the focusing area is relatively small, the energy density of the laser beam is very high (usually as high as 103-108W/cm2).
3.Laser welding head features
1) Laser welding head can achieve high-quality joint strength and larger aspect ratio, resulting in faster welding speed.
2) Due to the fact that laser welding head do not require a vacuum environment, remote control and automatic production can be achieved through lenses and optical fibers.
3) Laser welding head have high power density and good welding performance for difficult to weld materials such as titanium and quartz, and can weld materials with different properties.
With the popularization and application of laser welding head and the commercial production of laser heads, the price of laser head equipment has sharply decreased. However, the development of high-power laser heads and the development and application of new composite welding methods have also improved the low conversion efficiency of laser welding. I believe that in the near future, laser welding head will gradually replace traditional welding processes such as arc welding and resistance welding, becoming the main method of industrial welding.
